Wireless telephony.



PATENTED MAR. 13, 1906. A. P. COLLINS. I

WIRELESS TELEPHONY; APPLIQATJKON FILED AUG/21, 1905.

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JlllAMlll WITNESSES:

ATTORNEYS N0. 814,942. r I PATENTED MAR. 13, 1906. A, P. COLLINS.

WIRELESS TELEPHONY. APPLICATION FILED AUG. 21, 1905.

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. I v BY ATTORNEYS A. F. COLLINS.

WIRELESS TELEPHONY. I APPLICATION 11.31) AUG. 21, 1905-.

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ATTORNEYS PATENTED MAR.'13, 1906.

UNITED sures ATENT omen. f

ARCHIE FREDE ICK c Lms, on NEW YORK, N.

' WIRELESS TELETIPHONYI.

Specification of Letters Patent.

" Patented March 13, 1906.

' Application filed August 21.1905. Serial-No. 215.026.

To all whom it -may concern;

Be it known that I, ARCHIE FREDERICK (burns, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of New York city, borough of Manhattan, in thecounty and State of New Ydrk,

fhave invented new and useful Improvements trically between two or more stationswithin Wireless Telephony, of wh ich the followin isaspecification.

invention'relates to the art of trans mittmg and receiving articulate speech elecout connectingewires, but employing the earth or'other medium as a means of propagation and it relates more 'particularly'to the transmission of impulses 111130 the earth or other medium by means of "adirect or alter natin'g current having a' higher voltage and greater. amperagle than it has beenfound'possible to employ eretofore and the reception of theseimpulses and their amplification and intensificatmns at the receiving station.

It is well known to those versed in the art that if a telephone-transmitter, a source of I electromotive force, and the earthor other medium are connected in' series by terminal conductors entering the'earth anyvariation of,the current due. to resistance changes in the transmitter-will produce 'a difference of potential atthe termmal'conductors formin contact with the earth or other medium an .when a difference of potential is established at the two terminals connected to the earth a 1 current is established in the circuit of which fjthe earth forms a ,mary of a simple transformer-coil the termie nalsofthe secondary. of which are connected with the terminal conductorsleading to the ortion. Equipotential surfaces are establis 16d .around each terminal, and while the greater portion of the current flows directl between the terminals a certain portion ta 'ng a less directpath flows from one to the other in arc-shaped paths extendingofrom the conductors-a considerable distance, or this arrangement; may be so modified that an alternating current may be transmitter and a source of electromotive force. are connected in series with,the priearth' or other medium, in'which case the reslstance changes m the transmitter cause the current In the rlma clrcult to create, ac-

cording'to the aw of induction, an alternat-v current in'the secondar circuit of which the-earth or other medium orms a portion.

' Heretofore no provision has been made for amplifying or intensifying the received pula sations emitted by the transmitters described, and a simple telephone-receiver has been employed to pick up and translate the impulses into speech. Likewise all experiments in wireless telephony using conductorterminals embedded in the earth or other medium have been made by means of ordi: nary telephone-transmitters, which in' commercial practice operate approximately on twenty-five volts and one hali' ampere. Using of necessity a transmitter having this limitation wireless telephony by this method has been successful over comparatively short distances, since where a current in excess of that stated is used it burns out the transmitter. I

4 Now the object of my invention is to obviate this difiiculty and'to provide for the use of an voltage and any amperage without regar to the transmitter proper, and in so doing I render the transmitter absolutely independent of the current traversing the earth or other medium and I also amplify the received impulses so that the reproduced speech Will be louder and more distmct than heretofore.

Figures 1, 2, 3, and .4 show diagrammatically'various modifications of the transmitter arran ed in accordance with my invention, and igs. 5, 6, 7,8; 9, and 10 are modifications of my receiver.

' My ethod of transmitting consists,\substantially,in modifying a current (of sufficient electromotive force to produce an arcv.Iight'between the electrodes of any conduct- 1ng) material, such as pencils of carbons or su stances employed in the production of arc-lights) b means of either shunting the current, as s own in Fig. 1, or by superim posing a direct or alternatin current'onthe circuit including the arc-lig t, as shown in Fi s. 2, 3, and 4. 1

n Fig. 1 the circuit represented by A consists of a source of electromotive force 1, the

a'rc light 2, and the conductoreterminals3 3, forming connection-wlth the earth or other medium; In parallel with this circuit, which may be designated as the heavy-current circuit, is the shunt-circuit B, derived from the heavy-current circuit A and in which is included a telephone-transmitter 4 and a resistance Any-modification of the derived circuit B byg virtue of a change of resistance due to. a variable pressure of the dia hragm is impressed'upon the circuit A, and t e temperature of the are and its resistance indillO cates a corresponding and proportionate change in the circuit A. This variation of resistance in the arcproduces in the-circuit which includes it electrical undulations in the earth or other medium. In a second modification of my method (shown in Fig. 2) the heavy-current'circuit- Aincludes a source of electromotive force 1,

the arc-light 2, andtheeoriductor-terminals 33, forming connection with the earth or other medium in which they are embeddedand one of the windings 4 of a transformer coil. The circuit B is separated mechanically from the circuit A, but is in inductive A third modification is shown in Fig. 3.

In this case the current flowing in the circuit A. is varied by an alternating current set up in the circuit B, which includes a Winding-of a transformer-coil 4 and acondenser 5. A third circuit C includes a battery-cell 6, a telephonewtransmitter 7, and a winding 8.,of the transformer. It is the undulations'of the current in this circuit. which produce the 'alternatin current in the circuit B.

A fourt modification of this method is I shown in Fig. 4 and has for its object the production of alternating currents in the circuit which includes the earth or other medium. By referring to.;Fi 4, A BC D indicate separate circuits. T e primary circuit (represented byA) includes a telephone-transmitter 1, a source of electromotive force 2,

and the winding 3 of a transformer-coil. The.

) secondary circuit-B includes the complementary coil 4 of the transformer, a conidenser 5, andthe arc-lightfi. The third circuit C is in parallel with the circuit B and includes the arc-light 6, a source of electromotive force 7, which feeds the are, and the rimary winding 8 of a transformer. he fourth circuit D includes the secondary 9 of the transformer and the conductor-terminals 10 10, embedded in the earth or other medium which completes the circuit.

In action the direct current into an undulator current by means of the transmitter 1 in t e circuit A. This sets up an alternating current in the circuit B by means of the transformer 3 4, and this current is then superimposedupon the current flowing in C feeding the arc-light: Every imposition of the alternating undulatory curfromthe source of electromotive force 2 is changed rent flowing in C produces identically the same effect upon the circuit D that the current in the circuit A has upon B, with the final result that an alternating current having the same frequency and phase as that produced in the circuit B, but with its amplitude greatly increased, is made to pass throug the circuit including the earth or other mediumin which conductor-terminals are embedded. Itis obvious that many other modifications of my method of transmission may be made, but the results obtained willbethe same. Itis likewise obvious that my system may be employed .for signaling without .Wires, provided a telegraphey is substituted for the telephone-transmitter indicated in the text.

In connection with my method of transmitting articulate speech without connectingwires there maybe employed as a receiving device a simple telephone-receiver having its conductor-terminals embeddedin the earth or other medium. When such a receiver is employed, the received impulses will have a value corresponding to the sensibility of the instrument. I

Now to further increase the amplitude and intensity of the impulses, so that the reproduction of speech may be louder, and-without increasing the sensitiveness of the receivingtelephone I employ a method shown in F i 5',

of which Figs. 6, 7, 8,9, and 10 are modi ca- 'tions.

Fig. 5 shows my invention in its simplest form. The circuit A includes a source of electromotive force, an arc-li ht 2, and conductor-terrninals 3 3-, embed ed in the earth on other medium. The circuit B is derived from A, whichis in parallelto it and includesa telephone-receiver 4 or other means of indication and a resistance 5. When in operation, the function of this receiver is as follows: The received impulses through the earth or other medium are superimposed and impressed upgn the current flowing in the circuit A, w 'ch includes the source of electromotive force -1, the arc-light 2, and the conductorterminals?) 3', embedded in the earth or other medium. These superimposed impulses vary the resistance ofthe are 2 and increase the variations of the current from the generator 1 flowing throu h the circuits A and B. Thereceiver 4 in t e circuit is protected from excessive voltage b me us of there- -'sistance 5, and the circuit (si ce it is in parallel with the circuit A) deflves its energy ephone-receiver from that circuit, and the te 4 responds to changes in the circuit A, but with augmented amplitude and intensity.

In'Fig. 6 the circuit B includes a condenser 5, in series with the transmitter instead of the resistance 5, (shown inFig. 5,) which precludes'the flowv of the direct current in the circuit A through the receiver 4, but permits alternating impulses to act upon it, one com- IIO bination may effected includinglthe b- 1 receiver 4, the resistance-'5 of Fig. 5,. and the condenser Fig. 6, in the circuit B; V

Fig. 7, illustrates a modification of my-invention in which two distinct circuits are rep-' resented-by A B. The circuit A includes a source of electromotive force 1, an arc-light 2, conductor-terminals 3 3, embedded in the earth or other medium,- and one windin 4' of a transformer-coil. The circuit B inclu es the 1 opposite winding '5' of the transformer-coil,

a telephoneereceiver 6, and a condenser .7.

This arrangement removes the telephone-receiver from the circuit A, and thusinsures its safety.

I 8 shows a form of my receiver in. whic the circuit A includes a source of electromotive force 1, an arc-light 2, and conductor-terminals 3 3, embedded'infthe earth or other medium. The circuit B is in parallel with the circuit-A and includes theprimary 4 of a transformer and a resistance 5, or a condenser may be substituted instead. The circuit C includes the winding 6 of a transformer,

condenser -7, and a receiver 8. A t

Fig. 9 shows diagrammatically the arranger ment I employ-cfor utilizing the well-known properties-of selenium. The circuit A consistsofa source of electromotive force 1, an arc-ii ht2, and conductor-terminals 3 3,

v embe ded in the earth or other medium; The circuit B is mechanically and electrically re:

moved from the circuit A, but is influenced by means, of the variation of light intensities of the are 2 acting on a selenium-cell 4, which is included in, the circuit B, together with a sourceof electromotive force -5 and a telephone-'receiver6 or other means of indication.

Another form of receiver is shown'inFig. 10. In this modification of my inventionfa receiver- 1 is connected in series with the secondary 2 0? a transformer forming the circuit A. The secondary circuit B includes one winding 3 of the transformer coil, a con-' .denser 4, and the arc-light 5. This circuit is in parallel with and derived from the circuit C, which includes thearc-light 5,'the source of electromotive forcev 6, and one winding 7 of the transformer-coil.-. The circuit D includesthe com lementary-winding 8 of the 'transformer-coi and the conductortermi nals 9 9.- In action the function of these various factors are as follows: The impulses propagatedthrough the cart or other me diurnare impressed upon the circuit D and are transferred by the transformer'7'8to circuit C. The resistance of the said circuit is varied,as before stated, and undulatory currents flow in the derived circuit B, andthese are transformed into alternating currents in thecircuit A in which the receiver 1 is laced, and as a result .of. these operations t e,am

I plitudeof the currentand its intensity is in-' creased beyond '1t'he maximum value 1mpressed upon the circuit D. I

the so-called speaking-arc is not new, and

I do not claim that broadly, but only the com- I bination of the.speakingarc and the dispersion method herein shown and described. Y It will be seen from a comparison of Figs. 1

serve for both a" transmittin -station and a receiving-station, and in re erring generic-i In defining inventioh' with greater I clearness, I would state that I am aware that and -5 that the .same instrumentalities may ally tothe transmitter 40f 1 andreceiver. 4 'of Fig. 5 in the claim I employ the a generic term of "sound-converter, meaning thereby any means forconverting soundwaves into. electrical. waves or electrical waves into sound-waves. I

ters Patent, i's' I ;1. In a wireless telephone or telegraph the combination of asource. of electromotive claimasnewyand desire to secure by Let- Having thus described my invention, what" force, an arc light, a circuit connecting the;

same and having the conductor-terminals embedded in the earth or other medium, and

a circuit containing a sound-converter for transmitting or receiving, said sound-converter being ina circuit of its own outside 3. In a wireless telephone or telegraph, the

combination of a sour e of electromotive force, an arc-light, a c cuit with termlnals Ioo connecting the samewith the earth or other medium, a circuit including the arc-light and containing also a sound-converter for transmittiug or receiving substantially as describe 1 4. In a' wireless telephone or telegraphj't'he combination, of a source .of electromotive force, an;arc-light, a circuit with f-terminals connecting the same with'the earth or other containing a resistance and a sound-converter, substantially as shown and described.

5. In a wireless telephone or telegraph, the combination of a transmitter proper, mechw anism connected therewith for producing a so-called "speaking-arc, for varying the medium, a circuitincluding the arc-light and current forming said arc and producing cur rent impulses, and means for transmitting said current impulses to a natural medium capable of conveyin the same'to a distance.

' 6. 'In a wireless te ephone'or telegraph, the I combination with a transmitting apparatus of the kind described; ofareceivmg appara- 9 I eim tus comprising a source of electromotive circuit containing the receiver by the varie force, an arc-light, a circuit connecting the tions in the arc-light, substantially as desame and having its conductor.termina1s emscribed.

bedded in the earth, or-other-natural medi- ARCHIE FREDERTGK COLLINS. 5 'ums, an independent circuit contaming a re,- s Witnesses:

ceiver and a source of electromotive force WALTON HARRISON,

andmeans for influencing the current in said EQ C. NIELSON. 

